周口店田园洞古人类化石点动物群分析

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	周口店田园洞古人类化石点动物群分析
	李青
学位类型	硕士
导师	同号文
	2007-05-28
学位授予单位	中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所
学位授予地点	古脊椎动物与古人类研究所
关键词	田园洞动物群组成梅花鹿牙齿磨耗年龄结构分析死亡原因
摘要	在田园洞动物群中，食肉类和偶蹄类（鹿类）占的比重较大，啮齿类也占有一定的比例，也有猕猴、豪猪、猪獾和花面狸等南方种属出现。由此可以推断这个时期的气候是温暖的，主要以山地森林为主并伴有灌木丛。在史前遗址中，某一动物种的数量最大，就是生活在当地史前猎人最主要的狩猎对象；梅花鹿是本动物群中的优势种；为了了解动物群的形成跟史前人类狩猎活动之间的关系，本文利用牙齿主尖釉质层、齿质的暴露程度、齿窝的封闭情况、齿冠的相对高度、咀嚼面的磨蚀程度及牙冠齿缘釉质层的联合程度等方面对梅花鹿的年龄结构进行了划分；又以梅花鹿骨骺的愈合情况对梅花鹿的年龄结构进行了分析。对田园洞动物群梅花鹿的死亡年龄结构分析结果为：中年、青年个体占主体，其次是幼年和老年个体；从骨骼骨骺的愈合情况来看成年个体也占大多数。这表明动物死亡的原因不是自然死亡，很有可能是史前人类大规模狩猎的灾害性死亡。虽然在本遗址中没有发现石器和装饰品，有资料显示在史前人类长期占据的洞穴中，大量动物骨骼的破碎也证明了特定层位中丰富的文化遗迹。田园洞动物群骨骼较破碎，牙齿主要为单个。动物群中食肉类动物化石材料很少；上部组合中有许多带有豪猪啮咬痕迹的骨骼。人类化石层中的骨骼无啮齿类及食肉类的咬痕，可以初步推断骨骼的破碎是史前人类作用的结果。关键词：田园洞动物群组成，梅花鹿，牙齿磨耗，年龄结构分析，死亡原因; At Tianyuan Cave，Carnivore and Artiodactyl are in majority in biodiversity，Rodent accounts for 29%. Some oriental elements such as Macaca, Hystrix, Arctonyx and Paguma are also found. So it can be assumed that the climate at that time was warm and the paleoecological environment was forested hillside. The Tianyuan cave fauna is dominated by Cervus nippon in fossil materials. At the prhistorical site，The prehistory hunters usually took aim at the animals which were abundant in number. In order to know the causation of the death of Cervus nippon in Tianyuan Cave and the details about prehistory human’s hunting activity, the age profiles were studied based on the analysis of the tooth attrition and on the observation of epiphysis fusion. This work was conducted in the following aspects: measuring the crown heights, checking the attrition degree of teeth (exposure of enamel, dentine), examining the closure of infundibulum and the fusion of epiphysis. The result of the analysis shows that the young adult and the middle-aged individuals are the dominant elements. It is inferred that animals died of hunting by the prehistoric mankind. Stone tools and ornaments still have been undiscovered, but some essay says that the broken bones confirm the existence of cultural relics at the prehitorical site. Bone flakes and single tooth are the characteristics of the fauna at Tianyuan Cave. The Upper Assemblage is typical of Hystrix and other small rodent gnawing marks. Few carnivoral materials have been discovered at the site. So it can be inferred that it’s the prehistoric mankind who employed the bone flakes. Key words faunal analysis of Tianyuan Cave, Cervus nippon, tooth attrition, age profile, death causation
页数	66
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.205/handle/311034/1682
专题	硕博论文
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	李青. 周口店田园洞古人类化石点动物群分析[D]. 古脊椎动物与古人类研究所. 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,2007.

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