山东广饶新石器时代人骨及其与中国早全新世人类之间关系的研究

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	山东广饶新石器时代人骨及其与中国早全新世人类之间关系的研究
其他题名	Neolithic Human Skeletons from Guangrao,Shandong andthe Relationship between Them and Other Early Holocene Population of China
	尚虹
学位类型	博士
导师	吴新智
	2002
学位授予单位	中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所
学位授予地点	中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所
学位专业	古人类学
关键词	广饶新石器时代人骨中国早全新世
摘要	本文研究出土于山东省广饶县的大约5000年前的新石器时代人骨。标本总体上属于蒙古人种东亚类型，与南亚类型有些接近。身高与黄河下游同时代人群相近。聚类分析和主成分分析显示，广饶具有比山东同时代各组较小的面部高度、宽度及脑颅高度，与本地区青铜铁器时代组较接近。广饶与鲁中南同文化人群在体质上分属于两个类型，推测前者可能对青铜铁器时代组基因库有较多贡献。本文将中国新石器时代组分为甘青、黄河中下游一江淮、华南三组，就颅高、颧宽、面基底长、鼻高、上面高来说，甘青组的前三项较低，后两项较高；华南组的后两项较低，前三项较高；黄河中下游一江淮组五项均较高。广饶形态上居于前两组之间。与旧石器时代晚期组比，我国新石器时代组在体质特征上介于旧石器时代与现代人群之间而与后者更近。本文首次从人群体质方面支持距今5000年前的中国北方气温与现代南方气温相近。本文发现下领舌骨肌线桥、成对舌下神经管、眶上孔在对蒙古人种地区类型划分中贡献率较大。本文首次报道国内新石器时代眶顶筛孔样病变，还报道了鼻骨和小腿骨骨折、颅骨枕部扁平变形与"环钻术"的证据并作了讨论。广饶的"环钻术"将中国颅骨"环钻术"历史向前推进1000年，这是环太平洋地区时代最早的一例。
其他摘要	The human skeletons studied in this article were buried ca. 5000Bp and unearthed at Guangrao Neolithic Site of Shandong. As a whole the Guangrao skeletons belong to the East Asian Mongoloid group with some characters similar to that of South Asian Mongoloid group. The average stature is close to the other Neolithic populations of the lower reaches of Yellow River. The cluster analysis and principal component analysis show that the bizygomatic breadth, nasal height, orbital height, superior facial height and cranial height are shorter in Guangrao population than those of other Neolithic groups of Shandong. Guangrao population is similar to the Bronze-Iron Age groups of Shandong in these characters. Guangrao population showed a physical type different from that of other populations of Dawenkou Culture in the middle and the south parts of Shandong. The present author considers that Guangrao population might contribute more to the gene pool of the Bronze-Iron group than other Neolithic population of China. This paper divides Chinese Neolithic population into 3 groups, 1. Gansu-Qinghai; 2. Middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and Jianghuai(lower reaches of Changjiang River and Huaihe River); 3. South China. Gansu-Qinghai possesses shorter ba-b, zy-zy , ba-pr and longer n-ns, n-pr; middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and Jianghuai, all longer; south China , longer ba-b, zy-zy , ba-pr and shorter n-ns, n-pr. Guangrao population seems to be in a position intermediate between group 1 and group 2. Neolithic group of China is closer to recent population than the Late Paleolithic humans. This paper provides the argument supporting the hypothesis that the temperature of North China ca.5000Bp is similar to that of South China of present time on the basis of physical anthropology for the first time. We also find that mylohyoid bridge, double hypoglossal canal and supraorbital foramen contribute more to differentiate the geographical types of Mongoloids.Cribra orbitalia on Neolithic skulls is reported in this article for the first time in China. Cases of fracture of nasal and shin bones, crania! deformation and trepanation are also reported and discussed. The discovery of evidence of trepanation of Guangrao elongates the history of skull trepanation for 1000 years in China. This specimen is the earliest one in the Circum-Pacific district.
页数	120
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.205/handle/311034/1760
专题	硕博论文
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	尚虹. 山东广饶新石器时代人骨及其与中国早全新世人类之间关系的研究[D]. 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所. 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,2002.

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