Hypercarnivorous teeth and healed injuries to Canis chihliensis from Early Pleistocene Nihewan beds, China, support social hunting for ancestral wolves

doi:10.7717/peerj.9858

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	Hypercarnivorous teeth and healed injuries to Canis chihliensis from Early Pleistocene Nihewan beds, China, support social hunting for ancestral wolves
	Tong, Haowen1,2,3 ; Chen, Xi 4; Zhang, Bei 1,2,3; Rothschild, Bruce 5; White, Stuart 6; Balisi, Mairin 7; Wang, Xiaoming 1,7
	2020-09-08
发表期刊	PEERJ
ISSN	2167-8359
卷号	8 页码:22
通讯作者	Tong, Haowen(haowen@ivpp.ac.cn) ; Wang, Xiaoming(xwang@nhm.org)
摘要	Collaborative hunting by complex social groups is a hallmark of large dogs (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae), whose teeth also tend to be hypercarnivorous, specialized toward increased cutting edges for meat consumption and robust p4-m1 complex for cracking bone. The deep history of canid pack hunting is, however, obscure because behavioral evidence is rarely preserved in fossils. Dated to the Early Pleistocene (>1.2 Ma), Canis chihliensis from the Nihewan Basin of northern China is one of the earliest canines to feature a large body size and hypercarnivorous dentition. We present the first known record of dental infection in C. chihliensis, likely inflicted by processing hard food, such as bone. Another individual also suffered a displaced fracture of its tibia and, despite such an incapacitating injury, survived the trauma to heal. The long period required for healing the compound fracture is consistent with social hunting and family care (food-sharing) although alternative explanations exist. Comparison with abundant paleopathological records of the putatively pack-hunting Late Pleistocene dire wolf, Canis dirus, at the Rancho La Brea asphalt seeps in southern California, U.S.A., suggests similarity in feeding behavior and sociality between Chinese and American Canis across space and time. Pack hunting in Canis may be traced back to the Early Pleistocene, well before the appearance of modern wolves, but additional evidence is needed for confirmation.
关键词	Canis chihliensis Dental injury Limb fracture Bone cracking Pack hunting Early Pleistocene Nihewan Basin China Bone cracking Pack hunting
DOI	10.7717/peerj.9858
关键词[WOS]	POSTCRANIAL BONES ; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR ; WILD DOGS ; BASIN ; EVOLUTION ; MAMMALIA ; SHANSHENMIAOZUI ; CARNIVORA ; AFRICAN ; DIRUS
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
资助项目	Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences[XDB26000000] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[41572003] ; Special Basic Research Project of MST of China[2014FY110300]
项目资助者	Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; Special Basic Research Project of MST of China
WOS研究方向	Science & Technology - Other Topics
WOS类目	Multidisciplinary Sciences
WOS记录号	WOS:000566881800013
出版者	PEERJ INC
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.205/handle/311034/18040
专题	中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所
通讯作者	Tong, Haowen; Wang, Xiaoming
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Vertebrate Evolut & Human Origins, Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, Beijing, Peoples R China 2.CAS Ctr Excellence Life & Paleoenvironm, Beijing, Peoples R China 3.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China 4.Nanjing Normal Univ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China 5.Carnegie Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Paleontol, Pittsburgh, PA USA 6.Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Dent, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA 7.Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Tong, Haowen,Chen, Xi,Zhang, Bei,et al. Hypercarnivorous teeth and healed injuries to Canis chihliensis from Early Pleistocene Nihewan beds, China, support social hunting for ancestral wolves[J]. PEERJ,2020,8:22.
APA	Tong, Haowen.,Chen, Xi.,Zhang, Bei.,Rothschild, Bruce.,White, Stuart.,...&Wang, Xiaoming.(2020).Hypercarnivorous teeth and healed injuries to Canis chihliensis from Early Pleistocene Nihewan beds, China, support social hunting for ancestral wolves.PEERJ,8,22.
MLA	Tong, Haowen,et al."Hypercarnivorous teeth and healed injuries to Canis chihliensis from Early Pleistocene Nihewan beds, China, support social hunting for ancestral wolves".PEERJ 8(2020):22.

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