Sexual Dimorphism and Body Reconstruction of a Hornless Rhinocerotid,Plesiaceratherium gracile, From the Early Miocene of the Shanwang Basin, Shandong, China

doi:10.3389/fevo.2020.544076

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	Sexual Dimorphism and Body Reconstruction of a Hornless Rhinocerotid,Plesiaceratherium gracile, From the Early Miocene of the Shanwang Basin, Shandong, China
	Lu, Xiaokang 1,2,3; Deng, Tao2,4,5 ; Zheng, Xiaoting 6; Li, Fuchang 7
	2020-09-23
发表期刊	FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
ISSN	2296-701X
卷号	8 期号:0 页码:13
摘要	We investigated the sexual dimorphism and reconstructed the body ofPlesiaceratherium gracilebased on the numerous new specimens from the Early Miocene Shanwang Basin, China. The sexual dimorphism ofP. gracileis reflected by the size of both the lower incisor i2 [length male/female (M/F) ratio = 2.69, width M/F = 1.63] and the upper incisor I1 (length M/F = 1.63). Other mensural variations reveal their ranges greatly overlapping on both genders, with a low M/F ratio; hence, they cannot be interpreted as sexual dimorphism. The large-sized body and the strong sexual difference of incisors suggest thatP. gracileis polygynous and has a solitary lifestyle. When we reconstructed the body ofP. gracile, we found that the head-body length is 2,796-3,117 mm, the shoulder height is 1,476-1,627 mm, and the body weight is about 1,198 kg. All skeletons have the ventral edge of the thorax at the level of the olecranon of the ulna. The spinous processes of the posterior thoracic vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae are always vertical, the metatarso-femur ratio and the tibio-femur ratio are high, and the two joint angles between the scapula, the humerus, and the radius are 102 degrees-143 degrees and 115 degrees-160 degrees, respectively, indicating thatP. gracilehas a mediportal limb and a horse-gallop running type. Furthermore, the limb-segment comparisons ofP. gracileand other rhinoceroses demonstrate that the proximal long bones, including the scapula, the humerus, and the femur, are important for the body height, regardless of whether their body is large or small-sized; the distal parts of the limb, including the metacarpus and the metatarsus, are sensitive to body mass changes.
关键词	Plesiaceratherium Early Miocene Shanwang Basin Rhinocerotidae Aceratheriinae body size sexual diamorphism
DOI	10.3389/fevo.2020.544076
关键词[WOS]	LINXIA BASIN ; EVOLUTIONARY TRENDS ; RHINOCEROTIDAE ; MAMMALS ; GANSU ; PERISSODACTYLA ; MASS
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
资助项目	Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, CAS)[LVEHO19003] ; State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy (Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS)[203113] ; Strategic Priority Cultivating Research Program, Chinese Academy of Sciences[XDB26000000] ; Strategic Priority Cultivating Research Program, Chinese Academy of Sciences[XDA20070203] ; Strategic Priority Cultivating Research Program, Chinese Academy of Sciences[QYZDY-SSW-DQC022] ; Strategic Priority Cultivating Research Program, Chinese Academy of Sciences[GJHZ1885]
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
WOS类目	Ecology
WOS记录号	WOS:000575482500001
出版者	FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
引用统计	被引频次：2[WOS] [WOS记录] [WOS相关记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.205/handle/311034/18099
专题	中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所
通讯作者	Deng, Tao
作者单位	1.Henan Univ Chinese Med, Human Anat & Histol Dept, Zhengzhou, Peoples R China 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, Key Lab Vertebrate Evolut & Human Origins, Beijing, Peoples R China 3.Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geol & Palaeontol, State Key Lab Palaeobiol & Stratig, Nanjing, Peoples R China 4.CAS Ctr Excellence Life & Paleoenvironm, Beijing, Peoples R China 5.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China 6.Tianyu Museum Nat Hist, Pingyi, Shandong, Peoples R China 7.Museum Linqu Cty, Paleontol Dept, Linqu, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Lu, Xiaokang,Deng, Tao,Zheng, Xiaoting,et al. Sexual Dimorphism and Body Reconstruction of a Hornless Rhinocerotid,Plesiaceratherium gracile, From the Early Miocene of the Shanwang Basin, Shandong, China[J]. FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION,2020,8(0):13.
APA	Lu, Xiaokang,Deng, Tao,Zheng, Xiaoting,&Li, Fuchang.(2020).Sexual Dimorphism and Body Reconstruction of a Hornless Rhinocerotid,Plesiaceratherium gracile, From the Early Miocene of the Shanwang Basin, Shandong, China.FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION,8(0),13.
MLA	Lu, Xiaokang,et al."Sexual Dimorphism and Body Reconstruction of a Hornless Rhinocerotid,Plesiaceratherium gracile, From the Early Miocene of the Shanwang Basin, Shandong, China".FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION 8.0(2020):13.

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