Anatomy of the primitive bird Sapeornis chaoyangensis from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning, China

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	Anatomy of the primitive bird Sapeornis chaoyangensis from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning, China
	Zhou, ZH(周忠和); Zhang, FC(张福成); Zhou, ZH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, POB 643, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China.
	2003
发表期刊	CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES
ISSN	0008-4077
卷号	40 期号:5 页码:731—747
摘要	Two new, nearly completely articulated skeletons of Sapeornis chaoyangensis provide much new information about the anatomy of this basal avian, particularly in the skull, pectoral girdle, forelimb, and hind limb. This new material shows that the hand of Sapeornis, with a phalangeal formula of "2-3-2," was more derived than previously reconstructed. The skeleton of Sapeornis has several unique features, such as a distinctively elongated fenestra. on the proximal end of the humerus, a robust furcula with a distinctive hypocleidum, and an elongated forelimb. Sapeornis exhibits a combination of derived and primitive features, including a short, robust non-strut-like coracoid and a fibula reaching the distal end of the tarsal joint (as in Archaeopteryx), a pygostyle, reduced manual digits, and a well-fused carpometacarpus (as in more advanced birds). These features further indicate the mosaic pattern in the early evolution of birds and confirm the basal position of Sapeornis near Archaeopteryx and Jeholornic in the phylogeny of early birds. The preservation of gastroliths in one of the new specimens also represents the first Chinese Mesozoic bird with such evidence, indicating a herbivorous feeding habit and providing further evidence for our understanding of the diet diversification in early avian evolution.
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文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.205/handle/311034/3729
专题	中科院古脊椎所（2000年以后）
通讯作者	Zhou, ZH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, POB 643, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Zhou, ZH,Zhang, FC,Zhou, ZH . Anatomy of the primitive bird Sapeornis chaoyangensis from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning, China[J]. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES,2003,40(5):731—747.
APA	Zhou, ZH,Zhang, FC,&Zhou, ZH .(2003).Anatomy of the primitive bird Sapeornis chaoyangensis from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning, China.CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES,40(5),731—747.
MLA	Zhou, ZH,et al."Anatomy of the primitive bird Sapeornis chaoyangensis from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning, China".CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 40.5(2003):731—747.

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