A diapsid skull in a new species of the primitive bird Confuciusornis

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	A diapsid skull in a new species of the primitive bird Confuciusornis
	Hou, LH ; Martin, LD ; Zhou, ZH; Feduccia, A ; Zhang, FC ; Martin, LD (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
	1999-06-17
发表期刊	NATURE
ISSN	0028-0836
卷号	399 期号:6737 页码:679-682
文章类型	Article
摘要	Since the description of Confuciusornis (the oldest beaked bird) in 1995, based on three partial specimens, large numbers of complete skeletons have been recovered(1,2). Most new material of Confuciusornis(3,4) can be assigned to a single sexually dimorphic species, C. sanctus, Here we report a new species based on a remarkably well preserved skeleton with feathers and, for the first time in the Mesozoic record, direct evidence of the shape of a horny beak. It has a complete and large preserved postorbital that has a broad contact with the jugal bone. This character is presently only known in Confuciusornis, and may confirm previous suggestions of a postorbital in Archaeopteryx(5). The squamosal is in tight contact with the postorbital. These two bones form an arch dividing the upper and lower temporal fenestrae, as in other diapsid reptiles(6). The presence of a typical diapsid cheek region with two openings in Confuciusornis may preclude the presence of prokinesis (upper jaw mobility against the braincase and orbital area), a feeding adaptation found in most modern birds. The presence of a horny beak, characteristic of modern birds, coupled with a primitive temporal region provides new evidence for a mosaic pattern in the early evolution of birds.; Since the description of Confuciusornis (the oldest beaked bird) in 1995, based on three partial specimens, large numbers of complete skeletons have been recovered(1,2). Most new material of Confuciusornis(3,4) can be assigned to a single sexually dimorphic species, C. sanctus, Here we report a new species based on a remarkably well preserved skeleton with feathers and, for the first time in the Mesozoic record, direct evidence of the shape of a horny beak. It has a complete and large preserved postorbital that has a broad contact with the jugal bone. This character is presently only known in Confuciusornis, and may confirm previous suggestions of a postorbital in Archaeopteryx(5). The squamosal is in tight contact with the postorbital. These two bones form an arch dividing the upper and lower temporal fenestrae, as in other diapsid reptiles(6). The presence of a typical diapsid cheek region with two openings in Confuciusornis may preclude the presence of prokinesis (upper jaw mobility against the braincase and orbital area), a feeding adaptation found in most modern birds. The presence of a horny beak, characteristic of modern birds, coupled with a primitive temporal region provides new evidence for a mosaic pattern in the early evolution of birds.
WOS标题词	Science & Technology
关键词[WOS]	CHINA ; ARCHAEOPTERYX
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Science & Technology - Other Topics
WOS类目	Multidisciplinary Sciences
WOS记录号	WOS:000080932800057
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.205/handle/311034/3955
专题	中科院古脊椎所（2000年以后）古低等脊椎动物研究室
通讯作者	Martin, LD (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
作者单位	1.Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA 2.Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA 3.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China 4.Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Hou, LH,Martin, LD,Zhou, ZH,et al. A diapsid skull in a new species of the primitive bird Confuciusornis[J]. NATURE,1999,399(6737):679-682.
APA	Hou, LH,Martin, LD,Zhou, ZH,Feduccia, A,Zhang, FC,&Martin, LD .(1999).A diapsid skull in a new species of the primitive bird Confuciusornis.NATURE,399(6737),679-682.
MLA	Hou, LH,et al."A diapsid skull in a new species of the primitive bird Confuciusornis".NATURE 399.6737(1999):679-682.

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