Imaging the inner ear in fossil mammals: High-resolution CT scanning and 3-D virtual reconstructions

IVPP-IR > 中科院古脊椎所（2000年以后）

	Imaging the inner ear in fossil mammals: High-resolution CT scanning and 3-D virtual reconstructions
	Ni, Xijun1,2 ; Flynn, John J.1,3; Wyss, Andre R.4; nixijun@ivpp.ac.cn
	2012
发表期刊	PALAEONTOLOGIA ELECTRONICA
ISSN	1935-3952
卷号	15 期号:2 页码:0—0
文章类型	Article
摘要	The bony labyrinth of mammals, a delicate and complex cavity within the petrosal, houses the organs of hearing and equilibrium of the inner ear. Because this region is typically lodged deep within the skull, there have been few morphological studies of the bony labyrinth in fossils-where it frequently is completely enveloped by surrounding bone and sediment matrix. The recent development of high-resolution X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) scanning provides a powerful new tool for investigating such tiny, often inaccessible structures. Here we introduce a protocol for producing three-dimensional (3-D) virtual visualizations of the bony labyrinth from high-resolution CT images. As a case study, we scanned the skull of a basal platyrrhine primate, Chilecebus carrascoensis, using the high-resolution CT facility at Pennsylvania State University, reconstructing the endocast of the bony labyrinth from the resulting data. Segmenting the original CT images is a vital step in producing accurate 3-D virtual reconstructions. We failed in efforts to isolate the bony labyrinth endocast through automated means, owing to the similar densities of the matrix filling the sinuses and spongy bone cavities of the specimen, and the bony labyrinth itself. Differing density contrasts across the fossil/matrix interface and overlapping grayscales of the fossil and matrix, required Half Maximum Height thresholds to be measured dynamically. Multiple thresholds are advantageous for processing the CT data of fossils that are inherently heterogeneous in material properties and densities. The iterative interaction between an operator and a computer offers the only means presently available for reliably discriminating the endocast of the bony labyrinth from the remainder of the specimen.
关键词	Bony Labyrinth High-resolution X-ray Ct Segmentation Three-dimensional (3-d) Virtual Reconstruction Chilecebus Platyrrhine Primate
WOS标题词	Science & Technology ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine
关键词[WOS]	SEMICIRCULAR CANAL SYSTEM ; BONY LABYRINTH ; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY ; BRACHIOSAURUS-BRANCAI ; VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH ; PLANAR RELATIONSHIPS ; GUINEA-PIG ; EVOLUTION ; HEARING ; PETROSAL
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Paleontology
WOS类目	Paleontology
WOS记录号	WOS:000314504200005
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.205/handle/311034/4333
专题	中科院古脊椎所（2000年以后）古哺乳动物研究室
通讯作者	nixijun@ivpp.ac.cn
作者单位	1.Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Paleontol, New York, NY 10024 USA 2.Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleonanthropol, Key Lab Evolutionary Systemat Vertebrates, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China 3.Amer Museum Nat Hist, Richard Gilder Grad Sch, New York, NY 10024 USA 4.Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Ni, Xijun,Flynn, John J.,Wyss, Andre R.,et al. Imaging the inner ear in fossil mammals: High-resolution CT scanning and 3-D virtual reconstructions[J]. PALAEONTOLOGIA ELECTRONICA,2012,15(2):0—0.
APA	Ni, Xijun,Flynn, John J.,Wyss, Andre R.,&nixijun@ivpp.ac.cn.(2012).Imaging the inner ear in fossil mammals: High-resolution CT scanning and 3-D virtual reconstructions.PALAEONTOLOGIA ELECTRONICA,15(2),0—0.
MLA	Ni, Xijun,et al."Imaging the inner ear in fossil mammals: High-resolution CT scanning and 3-D virtual reconstructions".PALAEONTOLOGIA ELECTRONICA 15.2(2012):0—0.

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