A monodactyl nonavian dinosaur and the complex evolution of the alvarezsauroid hand

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	A monodactyl nonavian dinosaur and the complex evolution of the alvarezsauroid hand
	Xu, Xing 1; Sullivan, Corwin 1; Pittman, Michael 2; Choiniere, Jonah N.3; Hone, David 1; Upchurch, Paul 2; Tan, Qingwei 4; Xiao, Dong 5; Tan, Lin 4; Han, Fenglu 1; xingxu@vip.sina.com
	2011-02-08
发表期刊	PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
ISSN	0027-8424
卷号	108 期号:6 页码:2338-2342
文章类型	Article
摘要	Digital reduction is a striking evolutionary phenomenon that is clearly exemplified in theropod dinosaurs by the functionally didactyl manus of tyrannosaurids, the flight-adapted manus of birds (Aves), and the tridactyl but digit II-dominated manus of alvarezsauroids. The enlargement of manual digit II in alvarezsauroids and the concurrent reduction of the lateral digits have been interpreted as adaptations for digging, although no detailed biomechanical analysis of hand function has so far been carried out for this group. In the derived alvarezsauroid clade Parvicursorinae, the lateral digits are so small as to be presumably vestigial. Here we report a new alvarezsauroid, Linhenykus monodactylus gen. et sp. nov., based on a specimen from the Upper Cretaceous Wulansuhai Formation of Inner Mongolia, China. Cladistic analysis identifies Linhenykus as the most basal parvicursorine, and digit II of the manus retains a slender morphology and other primitive features. However, Linhenykus is also highly apomorphic in exhibiting the most extreme reduction of the lateral manual digits seen in any alvarezsauroid. Phalanges are retained only on the most medial digit (digit II), making Linhenykus the only known functionally monodactyl nonavian dinosaur. Other parvicursorines are more primitive in retaining a tridactyl manus but more derived in that digit II is highly robust and shows other apomorphic features in both of its phalanges. The unexpected combination of features seen in the hand of Linhenykus points to a complex mosaic pattern of manual evolution in alvarezsauroids, with loss of the presumably vestigial outer digits being decoupled from change in the form of digit II.
关键词	Mosaic Evolution Theropoda Late Cretaceous Biogeography
WOS标题词	Science & Technology
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关键词[WOS]	ATELES-GEOFFROYI ; COLOBUS-GUEREZA ; THEROPODA ; CHINA ; VARIABILITY ; MONONYKUS ; AMERICA ; DIGITS
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Science & Technology - Other Topics
WOS类目	Multidisciplinary Sciences
WOS记录号	WOS:000287084500033
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.205/handle/311034/4449
专题	中科院古脊椎所（2000年以后）
通讯作者	xingxu@vip.sina.com
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, Key Lab Evolutionary Systemat Vertebrates, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China 2.UCL, Dept Earth Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England 3.George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA 4.Long Hao Inst Geol & Paleontol, Hohhot 010010, Nei Mongol, Peoples R China 5.Dept Land & Resources, Linhe 015000, Nei Mongol, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Xu, Xing,Sullivan, Corwin,Pittman, Michael,et al. A monodactyl nonavian dinosaur and the complex evolution of the alvarezsauroid hand[J]. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,2011,108(6):2338-2342.
APA	Xu, Xing.,Sullivan, Corwin.,Pittman, Michael.,Choiniere, Jonah N..,Hone, David.,...&xingxu@vip.sina.com.(2011).A monodactyl nonavian dinosaur and the complex evolution of the alvarezsauroid hand.PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,108(6),2338-2342.
MLA	Xu, Xing,et al."A monodactyl nonavian dinosaur and the complex evolution of the alvarezsauroid hand".PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 108.6(2011):2338-2342.

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