THE ROLE OF THE CALCANEAL 'HEEL' AS A PROPULSIVE LEVER IN BASAL ARCHOSAURS AND EXTANT MONITOR LIZARDS

IVPP-IR > 中科院古脊椎所（2000年以后）

	THE ROLE OF THE CALCANEAL 'HEEL' AS A PROPULSIVE LEVER IN BASAL ARCHOSAURS AND EXTANT MONITOR LIZARDS
	Sullivan, Corwin; csullivan@ivpp.ac.cn
	2010
发表期刊	JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY
ISSN	0272-4634
卷号	30 期号:5 页码:1422-1432
文章类型	Article
摘要	The structurally complex ankles of Triassic archosaurs (Reptilia: Diapsida) have been repeatedly described, and tarsal characters have played an important role in analyses of archosaur phylogeny. Morphological variations in the ankle joint undoubtedly had a major impact on locomotion, but the functional implications of many ankle features remain poorly understood. This paper investigates the function of one such structure, the prominent and highly distinctive lateral to posterolateral calcaneal process that occurs throughout basal archosaurs and is homologous to the heel-like calcaneal tuber of pseudosuchians. A morphologically analogous lateral process occurs in extant varanid lizards, and X-ray rotoscopic analysis of the limb movements of savannah monitors (Varanus exanthematicus) indicates that the lateral process rotates into a vertical orientation as the limb retracts. As the varanid lateral process approaches the vertical, it becomes increasingly effective in adding to the propulsive moment arm of m. peroneus longus. A computer model of the ankle was compared to modified versions in which the lateral process and the associated proximal expansion of the fifth metatarsal were eliminated, and this virtual experiment demonstrated that the combination of the two structures increases the peak propulsive moment arm of the varanid m. peroneus longus by over 26%. The lateral calcaneal process of basal archosaurs probably acted similarly, enhancing the ability of the peroneus musculature to contribute to propulsion during walking. Like the calcaneal tuber of pseudosuchian archosaurs, the primitive lateral process was a lever that contributed to locomotion by allowing ankle plantarflexion to generate a greater propulsive moment.
关键词	Alligator Alligator-mississippiensis Avian Flight Step Cycle Hind-limb Evolution Reptiles Tarsus Locomotion Phylogeny Mechanics
WOS标题词	Science & Technology ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine
URL	查看原文
关键词[WOS]	ALLIGATOR ALLIGATOR-MISSISSIPPIENSIS ; AVIAN FLIGHT ; STEP CYCLE ; HIND-LIMB ; EVOLUTION ; REPTILES ; TARSUS ; LOCOMOTION ; PHYLOGENY ; MECHANICS
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Paleontology
WOS类目	Paleontology
WOS记录号	WOS:000281874900009
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.205/handle/311034/4653
专题	中科院古脊椎所（2000年以后）
通讯作者	csullivan@ivpp.ac.cn
作者单位	Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, Key Lab Evolutionary Systemat Vertebrates, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Sullivan, Corwin,csullivan@ivpp.ac.cn. THE ROLE OF THE CALCANEAL 'HEEL' AS A PROPULSIVE LEVER IN BASAL ARCHOSAURS AND EXTANT MONITOR LIZARDS[J]. JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY,2010,30(5):1422-1432.
APA	Sullivan, Corwin,&csullivan@ivpp.ac.cn.(2010).THE ROLE OF THE CALCANEAL 'HEEL' AS A PROPULSIVE LEVER IN BASAL ARCHOSAURS AND EXTANT MONITOR LIZARDS.JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY,30(5),1422-1432.
MLA	Sullivan, Corwin,et al."THE ROLE OF THE CALCANEAL 'HEEL' AS A PROPULSIVE LEVER IN BASAL ARCHOSAURS AND EXTANT MONITOR LIZARDS".JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 30.5(2010):1422-1432.

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