C4 expansion in the central Inner Mongolia during the latest Miocene and early Pliocene

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	C4 expansion in the central Inner Mongolia during the latest Miocene and early Pliocene
	Zhang, Chunfu 1,2; Wang, Yang 1,2; Deng, Tao3 ; Wang, Xiaoming 4; Biasatti, Dana 1,2; Xu, Yingfeng 1,2; Li, Qiang 3
	2009-10-15
发表期刊	EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
卷号	287 期号:3-4 页码:311-319
文章类型	Article
摘要	The emergence of C4 photosynthesis in plants as a significant component of terrestrial ecosystems is thought to be an adaptive response to changes in atmospheric CO(2) concentration and/or climate during Neogene times and has had a profound effect on the global terrestrial biosphere. Although expansion of C4 grasses in the latest Miocene and Pliocene has been widely documented around the world, the spatial and temporal variations in the C4 expansion are still not well understood and its driving mechanisms remain a contentious issue. Here we present the results of carbon and oxygen isotope analyses of fossil and modern mammalian tooth enamel samples from the central Inner Mongolia. Our samples represent a diverse group of herbivorous mammals including deer, elephants, rhinos, horses and giraffes, ranging in age from the late Oligocene to modern. The delta(13)C values of 91 tooth enamel samples of early late-Miocene age or older, with the exception of two 13 Ma rhino samples (-7.8 and -7.6 parts per thousand) and one 8.5 Ma suspected rhino sample (-7.6 parts per thousand), were all less than -8.0 parts per thousand (VPDB), indicating that there were no C4 grasses present in their diets and thus probably few or no C4 grasses in the ecosystems of the central Inner Mongolia prior to similar to 8 Ma. However, 12 out of 26 tooth enamel samples of younger ages (similar to 7.5 Ma to similar to 3.9 Ma) have delta(13)C values higher than -8.0 parts per thousand (up to - 2.4 parts per thousand), indicating that herbivores in the area had variable diets ranging from pure C3 to mixed C3-C4 vegetation during that time interval. The presence of C4 grasses in herbivores' diets (up to similar to 76% C4) suggests that C4 grasses were a significant component of the local ecosystems in the latest Miocene and early Pliocene, consistent with the hypothesis of a global factor as the driving mechanism of the late Miocene C4 expansion. Today, C3 grasses dominate grasslands in the central Inner Mongolia area. The retreat of C4 grasses from this area after the early Pliocene may have been driven by regional climate change associated with tectonic processes in central Asia as well as global climate change. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
关键词	C4 Plants Stable Isotopes Fossil Mammals Inner Mongolia Late Miocene
WOS标题词	Science & Technology ; Physical Sciences
关键词[WOS]	CARBON-ISOTOPE COMPOSITION ; HERBIVORE TOOTH ENAMEL ; TIBETAN PLATEAU ; FOSSIL MAMMALS ; GREAT-PLAINS ; C-4 GRASSES ; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE ; STABLE-ISOTOPES ; NORTHERN CHINA ; CLIMATE-CHANGE
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Geochemistry & Geophysics
WOS类目	Geochemistry & Geophysics
WOS记录号	WOS:000272010800003
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.205/handle/311034/2129
专题	古哺乳动物研究室
作者单位	1.Florida State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA 2.Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA 3.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, Lab Evolutionary Systemat Vertebrates, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China 4.Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Dept Vertebrate Paleontol, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Zhang, Chunfu,Wang, Yang,Deng, Tao,et al. C4 expansion in the central Inner Mongolia during the latest Miocene and early Pliocene[J]. EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS,2009,287(3-4):311-319.
APA	Zhang, Chunfu.,Wang, Yang.,Deng, Tao.,Wang, Xiaoming.,Biasatti, Dana.,...&Li, Qiang.(2009).C4 expansion in the central Inner Mongolia during the latest Miocene and early Pliocene.EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS,287(3-4),311-319.
MLA	Zhang, Chunfu,et al."C4 expansion in the central Inner Mongolia during the latest Miocene and early Pliocene".EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS 287.3-4(2009):311-319.

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