An exquisitely preserved skeleton of Eoarctos vorax (nov. gen. et sp.) from Fitterer Ranch, North Dakota (early Oligocene) and systematics and phylogeny of North American early arctoids (Carnivora, Caniformia)

doi:10.1080/02724634.2022.2145900

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	An exquisitely preserved skeleton of Eoarctos vorax (nov. gen. et sp.) from Fitterer Ranch, North Dakota (early Oligocene) and systematics and phylogeny of North American early arctoids (Carnivora, Caniformia)
	Wang, Xiaoming 1,2,3; Emry, Robert J.4; Boyd, Clint A.5; Person, Jeff J.5; White, Stuart C.6; Tedford, Richard H.2
	2022-06-29
发表期刊	JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY
ISSN	0272-4634
卷号	42 页码:1-123
通讯作者	Wang, Xiaoming(xwang@nhm.org)
摘要	An exquisitely preserved male skeleton of an early arctoid, Eoarctos vorax new genus and species, provides a unique window into the origin and early divergence of Carnivora. Recovered from the Fitterer Ranch locality in the early Oligocene (Orellan to Whitneyan North American Land Mammal ages) Brule Formation of southwestern North Dakota (similar to 32 Ma), the new arctoid offers an opportunity to evaluate the fundamental relationships of the caniform (dog-like) carnivorans. Eoarctos vorax possesses a suite of plesiomorphic characters inherited from its miacid ancestors, making it an ideal model for ancestral arctoids. We present a comprehensive treatment of E. vorax, combining traditional description with photographic documentation, microCT, laser scans, and photogrammetry. Showing its plesiomorphic morphology, Eoarctos vorax is scansorial, somewhat like a modern raccoon, retaining the ability to climb trees and lacking cursorial adaptations present in the early canid Hesperocyon. However, E. vorax shows clear signs of durophagous cranio-dental morphology, presumably for an obligatory diet of mollusks, with frequent damage to shell-crushing premolars, plus associated dental infections. We review several other key North American early arctoids and present total-evidence (nuclear DNA and discrete morphological characters) Bayesian and parsimony analyses of Caniformia phylogeny, including extinct stem taxa plus a living member of all modern families. We recognize an endemic North American ursoid clade, Subparictidae, which includes Eoarctos vorax. We demonstrate the importance of North America as an early cradle of evolution for caniform carnivorans, including early precursors of Canidae, Amphicyonidae, Ursidae, and Pinnipedia.
DOI	10.1080/02724634.2022.2145900
关键词[WOS]	MAGERICYON-ANCEPS CARNIVORA ; BODY-MASS ESTIMATION ; LATE MIOCENE ; PROLIFERATIVE PERIOSTITIS ; FUNCTIONAL-ANATOMY ; INTERFAMILIAL RELATIONSHIPS ; CHRONIC OSTEOMYELITIS ; POSTCRANIAL SKELETON ; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY ; SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
资助项目	Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona ; National Science Foundation[EAR-1227212] ; National Science Foundation[1949742] ; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ; Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
项目资助者	Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona ; National Science Foundation ; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ; Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
WOS研究方向	Paleontology
WOS类目	Paleontology
WOS记录号	WOS:001000520900002
出版者	TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.205/handle/311034/22654
专题	中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所
通讯作者	Wang, Xiaoming
作者单位	1.Nat Hist Museum Angeles Cty, Dept Vertebrate Paleontol, 900 Exposit Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA 2.Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Paleontol, Cent Pk West & 79th St, New York, NY 10024 USA 3.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, Key Lab Vertebrate Evolut & Human Origins, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China 4.Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA 5.North Dakota Geol Survey, Bismarck, ND 58505 USA 6.Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Dent, 10833 Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Wang, Xiaoming,Emry, Robert J.,Boyd, Clint A.,et al. An exquisitely preserved skeleton of Eoarctos vorax (nov. gen. et sp.) from Fitterer Ranch, North Dakota (early Oligocene) and systematics and phylogeny of North American early arctoids (Carnivora, Caniformia)[J]. JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY,2022,42:1-123.
APA	Wang, Xiaoming,Emry, Robert J.,Boyd, Clint A.,Person, Jeff J.,White, Stuart C.,&Tedford, Richard H..(2022).An exquisitely preserved skeleton of Eoarctos vorax (nov. gen. et sp.) from Fitterer Ranch, North Dakota (early Oligocene) and systematics and phylogeny of North American early arctoids (Carnivora, Caniformia).JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY,42,1-123.
MLA	Wang, Xiaoming,et al."An exquisitely preserved skeleton of Eoarctos vorax (nov. gen. et sp.) from Fitterer Ranch, North Dakota (early Oligocene) and systematics and phylogeny of North American early arctoids (Carnivora, Caniformia)".JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 42(2022):1-123.