Ancient DNA from Shimao city records kinship practices in Neolithic China

doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09799-x

IVPP-IR

	Ancient DNA from Shimao city records kinship practices in Neolithic China
	Chen, Zehui 1,2,3; Gardner, Jacob D.1; Sun, Zhouyong 4,5; Bennett, E. Andrew 1,2,3; Han, Qian 4; Pei, Xuesong 4; Shao, Jing 4,5; Shi, Han 1,2,3; Wang, Wenjun 1,6; Xue, Jiayang 1,2,3; Bai, Fan 1,2; Dai, Xiangming 7; He, Nu 8; Guo, Xiaoning 4; Di, Nan 4; Mao, Xiaowei 1; Liu, Tianxiang 1,2,3; Cao, Peng 1,3; Liu, Feng 1,3; Dai, Qingyan 1,3; Feng, Xiaotian 1,3; Ping, Wanjing 1,3; Wu, Xiaohong 9; Zhang, Lizhao 1; Chen, Liang 5; Fu, Qiaomei1,2,3
	2025-11-26
发表期刊	NATURE
ISSN	0028-0836
页码	23
通讯作者	Fu, Qiaomei(fuqiaomei@ivpp.ac.cn)
摘要	The discovery of Shimao city (around 2300-1800 bce1), a premier state-level Neolithic fortified settlement in Shaanxi, China2, played an important role in helping us understand the emergence of socially stratified urban societies. However, key questions remain regarding how ancestry and kinship shaped the hierarchy of this class-based society characterized by human sacrifice. The origin of the founding populations of Shimao and other Loess Plateau settlements, and their interactions within the broader ancestral landscape, have yet to be determined. Here we present, by sequencing 144 ancient genomes from Shimao city and its satellites, pedigrees among tomb owners spanning up to four generations. These findings reveal a predominantly patrilineal descent structure across Shimao communities, and possibly sex-specific sacrificial rituals. We also characterize the population history, revealing that Shimao culture-related populations originated mostly from a Yangshao culture-related population present at least 1,000 years earlier, and the lasting inflow of Yumin-related populations from Inner Mongolia did not interrupt regional genetic continuity. Broader genetic influence from southern mainland ancestry over Shimao culture-related populations supports evidence of rice farming expanding further north than previously expected. Together, these results uncover fine details of the regional peopling and social structure of early state establishment.
DOI	10.1038/s41586-025-09799-x
关键词[WOS]	BRONZE-AGE ; NORTHERN ; PLEISTOCENE ; MIGRATION ; ADMIXTURE ; SEQUENCE ; HISTORY ; GENOMES ; CAVE ; FOOD
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
资助项目	Archaeology Institute of the National Museum of China###3585 ; Archaeology Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences###3586 ; Chinese Academy of Sciences[YSBR-019]###2772 ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[41925009]###844 ; National Key R&D Program of China[2023YFF0905700]###3587 ; National Key R&D Program of China[2020YFC1521601]###3588 ; Beijing Nova Program[Z211100002121040]###2324
项目资助者	Archaeology Institute of the National Museum of China ; Archaeology Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Key R&D Program of China ; Beijing Nova Program
WOS研究方向	Science & Technology - Other Topics
WOS类目	Multidisciplinary Sciences
WOS记录号	WOS:001624844500001
出版者	NATURE PORTFOLIO
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.205/handle/311034/25187
专题	中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所
通讯作者	Fu, Qiaomei
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, Key Lab Vertebrate Evolut & Human Origins, Beijing, Peoples R China 2.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Earth & Planetary Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China 3.SACH, Key Sci Res Base Paleolith Human Evolut & Paleogen, Beijing, Peoples R China 4.Shaanxi Acad Archaeol, Xian, Peoples R China 5.Northwest Univ, Sch Cultural Heritage, Xian, Peoples R China 6.Natl Ctr Archaeol, Sci & Technol Archaeol, Beijing, Peoples R China 7.Capital Normal Univ, Sch Hist, Beijing, Peoples R China 8.Univ Chinese Acad Social Sci, Sch Hist, Beijing, Peoples R China 9.Peking Univ, Sch Archaeol & Museol, Beijing, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Chen, Zehui,Gardner, Jacob D.,Sun, Zhouyong,et al. Ancient DNA from Shimao city records kinship practices in Neolithic China[J]. NATURE,2025:23.
APA	Chen, Zehui.,Gardner, Jacob D..,Sun, Zhouyong.,Bennett, E. Andrew.,Han, Qian.,...&Fu, Qiaomei.(2025).Ancient DNA from Shimao city records kinship practices in Neolithic China.NATURE,23.
MLA	Chen, Zehui,et al."Ancient DNA from Shimao city records kinship practices in Neolithic China".NATURE (2025):23.