New models for the wing extension in pterosaurs

IVPP-IR > 中科院古脊椎所（2000年以后）

	New models for the wing extension in pterosaurs
	Prondvai, Edina 1; Hone, David W. E.2; Prondvai, E (reprint author), Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Palaeontol, Pazmany Peter Setany 1-C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
	2008
发表期刊	HISTORICAL BIOLOGY
ISSN	0891-2963
卷号	20 期号:4 页码:237-254
文章类型	Article
摘要	All powered flying animals have to face the same energetic problems: operating the wings during steady flight with muscles that require constant energy input and neural control to work. Accordingly the extant flying vertebrates have apparently found very similar solutions to parts of these issues - the biomechanical automatism built in their skeletal, muscular and connective tissue system. Based on these extant analogues (birds and bats) two new models are presented here for the mechanism of the distal wing extension in pterosaurs, an extinct group of flying vertebrates. The elongate fourth finger which solely supported their extensive flight membrane was a long lever arm that experienced significant loads and for which a reduction in muscle mass through automatisation would have been strongly beneficial. In the first model we hypothesize the presence of a propatagial ligament or ligamentous system which, as a result of the elbow extension, automatically performs and maintains the extension of the wing finger during flight and prohibits the hyperextension of the elbow. The second model has a co-operating bird-like propatagial ligamentous system and bat-like tendinous extensor muscle system on the forearm of the hypothetical pterosaur. Both models provide strong benefits to an animal with powered flight: (1) reduction of muscles and weight in the distal wing; (2) prevention of hyper extension of the elbow against drag; (3) automating wing extension and thereby reducing metabolic costs required to operate the pterosaurian locomotor apparatus. These models, although hypothetical, fit with the existing fossil evidence and lay down a basis for further biomechanical and/or aerodynamical investigations.; All powered flying animals have to face the same energetic problems: operating the wings during steady flight with muscles that require constant energy input and neural control to work. Accordingly the extant flying vertebrates have apparently found very similar solutions to parts of these issues - the biomechanical automatism built in their skeletal, muscular and connective tissue system. Based on these extant analogues (birds and bats) two new models are presented here for the mechanism of the distal wing extension in pterosaurs, an extinct group of flying vertebrates. The elongate fourth finger which solely supported their extensive flight membrane was a long lever arm that experienced significant loads and for which a reduction in muscle mass through automatisation would have been strongly beneficial. In the first model we hypothesize the presence of a propatagial ligament or ligamentous system which, as a result of the elbow extension, automatically performs and maintains the extension of the wing finger during flight and prohibits the hyperextension of the elbow. The second model has a co-operating bird-like propatagial ligamentous system and bat-like tendinous extensor muscle system on the forearm of the hypothetical pterosaur. Both models provide strong benefits to an animal with powered flight: (1) reduction of muscles and weight in the distal wing; (2) prevention of hyper extension of the elbow against drag; (3) automating wing extension and thereby reducing metabolic costs required to operate the pterosaurian locomotor apparatus. These models, although hypothetical, fit with the existing fossil evidence and lay down a basis for further biomechanical and/or aerodynamical investigations.
关键词	Pterosaur Wing Extension Automatism Biomechanics
WOS标题词	Science & Technology ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine
URL	查看原文
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics ; Paleontology
WOS类目	Biology ; Paleontology
WOS记录号	WOS:000207731300003
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.205/handle/311034/3285
专题	中科院古脊椎所（2000年以后）
通讯作者	Prondvai, E (reprint author), Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Palaeontol, Pazmany Peter Setany 1-C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
作者单位	1.Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Palaeontol, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Prondvai, Edina,Hone, David W. E.,Prondvai, E . New models for the wing extension in pterosaurs[J]. HISTORICAL BIOLOGY,2008,20(4):237-254.
APA	Prondvai, Edina,Hone, David W. E.,&Prondvai, E .(2008).New models for the wing extension in pterosaurs.HISTORICAL BIOLOGY,20(4),237-254.
MLA	Prondvai, Edina,et al."New models for the wing extension in pterosaurs".HISTORICAL BIOLOGY 20.4(2008):237-254.

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