Comparative study of notoungulate (Placentalia, Mammalia) bony labyrinths and new phylogenetically informative inner ear characters

IVPP-IR > 中科院古脊椎所（2000年以后）

	Comparative study of notoungulate (Placentalia, Mammalia) bony labyrinths and new phylogenetically informative inner ear characters
	Macrini, Thomas E.1,2; Flynn, John J.2,3; Ni, Xijun2,4 ; Croft, Darin A.5; Wyss, Andre R.6
	2013-11-01
发表期刊	JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
卷号	223 期号:5 页码:442-461
文章类型	Article
摘要	The phylogenetic relationships of notoungulates, an extinct group of predominantly South American herbivores, remain poorly resolved with respect to both other placental mammals and among one another. Most previous phylogenetic analyses of notoungulates have not included characters of the internal cranium, not least because few such features, including the bony labyrinth, have been described for members of the group. Here we describe the inner ears of the notoungulates Altitypotherium chucalensis (Mesotheriidae), Pachyrukhos moyani (Hegetotheriidae) and Cochilius sp. (Interatheriidae) based on reconstructions of bony labyrinths obtained from computed tomography imagery. Comparisons of the bony labyrinths of these taxa with the basally diverging notoungulate Notostylops murinus (Notostylopidae), an isolated petrosal from Itaborai, Brazil, referred to Notoungulata, and six therian outgroups, yielded an inner ear character matrix of 25 potentially phylogenetically informative characters, 14 of them novel to this study. Two equivocally optimized character states potentially support a pairing of Mesotheriidae and Hegetotheriidae, whereas four others may be diagnostic of Notoungulata. Three additional characters are potentially informative for diagnosing more inclusive clades: one for crown Placentalia; another for a clade containing Kulbeckia, Zalambdalestes, and Placentalia; and a third for Eutheria (crown Placentalia plus stem taxa). Several other characters are apomorphic for at least one notoungulate in our study and are of potential interest for broader taxonomic sampling within Notoungulata to clarify currently enigmatic interrelationships. Measures of the semicircular canals were used to infer agility (e.g. capable of quick movements vs. lethargic movements) of these taxa. Agility scores calculated from these data generally corroborate interpretations based on postcranial remains of these or closely related species. We provide estimates of the low-frequency hearing limits in notoungulates based on the ratio of radii of the apical and basal turns of the cochlea. These limits range from 15Hz in Notostylops to 149Hz in Pachyrukhos, values comparable to the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) and the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) when hearing in air, respectively.
关键词	Cochlea Ct Hegetotheriidae Interatheriidae Mesotheriidae Notoungulata Petrosal Phylogenetic Characters South America
WOS标题词	Science & Technology ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine
关键词[WOS]	SEMICIRCULAR CANAL SYSTEM ; DESEADAN LATE OLIGOCENE ; PETROSAL ANATOMY ; THERIAN MAMMALS ; SOUTH-AMERICA ; LATE MIOCENE ; BODY-MASS ; EVOLUTION ; ARGENTINA ; HEARING
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Anatomy & Morphology
WOS类目	Anatomy & Morphology
WOS记录号	WOS:000325459700002
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.205/handle/311034/7333
专题	中科院古脊椎所（2000年以后）
作者单位	1.St Marys Univ, Dept Biol Sci, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA 2.Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Paleontol, Div Paleontol, New York, NY 10024 USA 3.Amer Museum Nat Hist, Richard Gilder Grad Sch, New York, NY 10024 USA 4.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, Key Lab Vertebrate Evolut & Human Origin, Beijing, Peoples R China 5.Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat, Cleveland, OH USA 6.Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Macrini, Thomas E.,Flynn, John J.,Ni, Xijun,et al. Comparative study of notoungulate (Placentalia, Mammalia) bony labyrinths and new phylogenetically informative inner ear characters[J]. JOURNAL OF ANATOMY,2013,223(5):442-461.
APA	Macrini, Thomas E.,Flynn, John J.,Ni, Xijun,Croft, Darin A.,&Wyss, Andre R..(2013).Comparative study of notoungulate (Placentalia, Mammalia) bony labyrinths and new phylogenetically informative inner ear characters.JOURNAL OF ANATOMY,223(5),442-461.
MLA	Macrini, Thomas E.,et al."Comparative study of notoungulate (Placentalia, Mammalia) bony labyrinths and new phylogenetically informative inner ear characters".JOURNAL OF ANATOMY 223.5(2013):442-461.

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