A new fossil from the Jurassic of Patagonia reveals the early basicranial evolution and the origins of Crocodyliformes

doi:10.1111/brv.12030

IVPP-IR > 古低等脊椎动物研究室

	A new fossil from the Jurassic of Patagonia reveals the early basicranial evolution and the origins of Crocodyliformes
	Pol, Diego 1; Rauhut, Oliver W. M.2,3; Lecuona, Agustina ; Leardi, Juan M.1,4; Xu, Xing5 ; Clark, James M.6
	2013-11-01
发表期刊	BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
卷号	88 期号:4 页码:862-872
文章类型	Review
摘要	Extant crocodylians have a limited taxonomic and ecological diversity but they belong to a lineage (Crocodylomorpha) that includes basal and rather generalized species and a highly diverse clade, Crocodyliformes. The latter was among the most successful groups of Mesozoic tetrapods, both in terms of taxonomic and ecological diversity. Crocodyliforms thrived in terrestrial, semiaquatic, and marine environments, and their fossil diversity includes carnivorous, piscivorous, insectivorous, and herbivorous species. This remarkable ecological and trophic diversity is thought only to occur in forms with a completely akinetic skull, characterized by a functionally integrated and tightly sutured braincase-quadrate-palate complex. However, the patterns of evolutionary change that led to the highly modified skull of crocodyliforms and that likely enabled their diversification remain poorly understood. Herein, a new basal crocodylomorph from the Late Jurassic of Patagonia is described, Almadasuchus figarii gen. et sp. nov. The new taxon is known from a well-preserved posterior region of the skull as well as other craniomandibular and postcranial remains. Almadasuchus figarii differs from all other crocodylomorphs in the presence of six autapomorphic features, including the presence of a large lateral notch on the upper temporal bar, an otic shelf of the squamosal that is wider than long, a deep subtriangular concavity on the posterolateral surface of the squamosal, and an elongated pneumatopore on the ventral surface of the quadrate. Phylogenetic analysis focused on the origin of Crocodyliformes places Almadasuchus as the sister group of Crocodyliformes, supported by synapomorphic features of the skull (e.g. subtriangular basisphenoid, absence of basipterygoid process, absence of a sagittal ridge on the frontal, and a flat anterior skull roof with an ornamented dorsal surface). New braincase information provided by Almadasuchus and other crocodylomorphs indicates that most of the modifications on the posterior region of the skull of crocodyliforms, including the strongly sutured braincase, quadrate, and the extensive secondary palate appeared in a stepwise manner, and pre-dated the evolutionary changes in the snout, jaws, and dentition. This indicates that the progressively increased rigidity of the skull provided the structural framework that allowed the great ecological diversification of crocodyliforms during the course of the Mesozoic. The phylogenetic pattern of character acquisition inferred for the strongly sutured (akinetic) skull and the appearance of more diverse feeding behaviours that create high mechanical loads on the skull provides another interesting parallel between the evolution of Mesozoic crocodyliforms and the evolutionary origins of mammals.
关键词	Crocodyliformes Braincase Evolution Jurassic Patagonia Almadasuchus Figarii
WOS标题词	Science & Technology ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine
DOI	10.1111/brv.12030
关键词[WOS]	BASAL CROCODYLOMORPH ARCHOSAURS ; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS ; REPTILE ; CHINA ; SKULL ; MESOEUCROCODYLIA ; SPHENOSUCHIA ; PERFORMANCE ; MORPHOLOGY ; ARGENTINA
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
项目资助者	ANPCyT(PICT 1756 ; DFG(RA1012/9-1) ; CONICET-CAS ; NSF(EAR 0922187) ; Fundacion Egidio Feruglio ; 0736 ; 0808)
WOS研究方向	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
WOS类目	Biology
WOS记录号	WOS:000325262600006
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.205/handle/311034/7339
专题	古低等脊椎动物研究室
作者单位	1.Museo Paleontol Egidio Feruglio, CONICET, RA-9100 Trelew, Chubut, Argentina 2.LMU Munchen, Bayer Staatssammlung Palaontol & Geol, D-80333 Munich, Germany 3.LMU Munchen, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, D-80333 Munich, Germany 4.Univ Buenos Aires, CONICET, IDEAN, Dept Ciencias Geol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina 5.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, Key Lab Evolutionary Systemat Vertebrates, Beijing, Peoples R China 6.George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Pol, Diego,Rauhut, Oliver W. M.,Lecuona, Agustina,et al. A new fossil from the Jurassic of Patagonia reveals the early basicranial evolution and the origins of Crocodyliformes[J]. BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS,2013,88(4):862-872.
APA	Pol, Diego,Rauhut, Oliver W. M.,Lecuona, Agustina,Leardi, Juan M.,Xu, Xing,&Clark, James M..(2013).A new fossil from the Jurassic of Patagonia reveals the early basicranial evolution and the origins of Crocodyliformes.BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS,88(4),862-872.
MLA	Pol, Diego,et al."A new fossil from the Jurassic of Patagonia reveals the early basicranial evolution and the origins of Crocodyliformes".BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS 88.4(2013):862-872.

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